Professions and Fields - Accounting Specialization

In the previous article I discussed the role of accounting in companies and accounting users . And at this time we are still discussing about the theory of accumulation precisely Profession and Specialization Fields in Accounting. 

Professional accountants are grouped into 2 parts, namely public accountants and internal accountants. In accounting itself has a contribution. The contribution of accountants to a country's socioeconomic system is not small. specialization in accounting in daily practice. Broadly speaking, accounting is divided into 2 fields, namely: 

• public accounting, and
• internal accounting (private accounting).

Public accounting is related to accounting services for the community. Accountants who work in public accounting are called public accountants and they will get paid from their service users. The types of work normally carried out by public accountants include the following; auditing financial statements, taxation, accounting information systems or management consulting. 

In order to become a Certified Public Accountant ( CPA ) there are special requirements that must be adopted by accountants. The professional accountant organization in Indonesia is called the Indonesian Institute of Accountants ( IAI ).

Meanwhile, for internal accounting, accountants will work for a company (Intansi). Internal accounting is also called private accounting. The accountants involved in internal accounting are said to work as internal accountants or private accountants or management accountants.

he services provided by accountants in a company include work as:

• controller
• bookkeeper (book holder)
• cost accountant (industrial accountant or cost accountant),
• Internal auditor (internal examiner)
• tax specialist, and

budgeting accountant. After getting to know the Profession in Accounting, then the next you can understand what fields are in accounting specialization. Consider the following.

Areas Of Specialization In Accounting

In accounting there are seven fields that you must know and understand, and what are the seven areas of accounting specialization? Check out the following below. 

1. Financial accounting ( General Accounting ) 

Financial accounting is also referred to as general accounting (general accounting). The information presented from financial accounting is in the form of financial statements, the users of which are external decision makers (external) of the company. Information generated by financial accounting is general for various users. Groups or users who usually need financial accounting information are:

• The company owner, uses this financial information to make a decision whether they will continue to hold ownership of the company or have to relinquish ownership in the company.
• Corporate creditors, use this financial information to make a decision whether they will extend the company's credit or refuse it.
• Government. The government strongly uses this information as the basis for determining the amount of taxes, expenses and so forth.
• Employees also need this financial information to negotiate with the company in terms of contracts or various decisions relating to employment.
• Corporate customers use this financial information for decision making relating to collaborating with other companies.

Financial accounting has three functions, namely: selecting and recording data, analyzing data, and preparing financial reports for users.

2. Cost Accounting ( Cost Accounting )

Cost accounting (cost accounting), is included in the management accounting group. Company management must provide a variety of information for achieving goals. The main category of information needed is for corporate planning and control on a daily basis.

A Management must know what is happening in the company and its environment at the present time and whether the company's operations can run smoothly as desired to achieve its objectives.

The information needed by management is for long-term planning, for example to determine overall policies for the company or to make special policies because of events in the past that are not desirable to be repeated in the future.

3. Management Accounting

Management accounting has three functions, namely: selecting and recording data, analyzing data, and preparing reports for management. The following details about the three management functions above.

Selecting and recording data - Analyzing - Preparing reports for management (for planning and controlling operations) - preparing reports for management (for long-term planning).

4. Accounting auditing ( Auditing ).

Auditing accounting is the accounting field that deals with the examination of records of the results of Financial Accounting activities that are testing the feasibility of financial statements independently (independently / impartially) and objectively.

5. Tax accounting .

The field of Tax Accounting relates to the determination of tax objects that are borne by companies and their calculations. Tax accounting activities are to assist management in determining the choices of transactions to be made in connection with taxation considerations.

6. Budget Accounting ( Accounting Accounting ).

The field of budget accounting activities relates to the collection and processing of financial operations data that has already taken place and the estimated likelihood that will occur, for the purposes of determining the company's financial operations plan (budget) within a certain period.

7. Accounting Examination ( Governmental Accounting ).

Government accounting is the field of accounting whose activities are related to the problem of auditing the State finances commonly called the State Financial Administration.

That's this Kalli Discussion about Professionals and Specialization Fields of Accounting . For the article this time, I think it's enough to be here first and look forward to the rest. Hopefully this article is useful !!

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